Trusted AI Kernel (TAK)

Abstract

The Trusted AI Kernel (TAK) is a normative agent-harness and runtime-governance standard for trustworthy AI agent operation. It defines the minimum harness contract and control model needed when AI agents act on behalf of human principals inside enterprise, public-sector, or cross-organizational systems.

The problem TAK addresses is broader than runtime mediation alone: model capability does not create trustworthy agency, and ad hoc agent wrappers do not create a consistent basis for governed deployment. Trustworthy agency requires a standard harness that defines how authority, instructions, tool invocation, provider use, data sensitivity, memory, oversight, and evidence are assembled and enforced at runtime. TAK defines that harness contract.

TAK is intentionally concerned with runtime governance and harness consistency. It does not attempt to solve global agent naming or public badging; those concerns belong to the companion GAID standard. It does not define whether an operating profile is qualified for a particular job; that concern belongs to the TAK-JSI qualification profile. TAK defines what a trustworthy agent harness and runtime MUST, SHOULD, and MAY do once an identified, appropriately qualified agent is allowed to operate.

1. Scope

This standard specifies requirements for:

This standard applies to:

This standard does not define:

Those concerns are addressed by GAID and the companion Job-Specific Intelligence (TAK-JSI) profile.

1.1 AI-coworker operating reference architecture

The following implementation-neutral view places the TAK runtime boundary inside the wider AI-coworker operating system. It is independently derived from DPF’s TAK, GAID, TAK-JSI, DigitalProduct, and work-allocation semantics in response to the bounded operator direction recorded as OP-CSDM-02 in the PAAW source register. ServiceNow’s current Common Service Data Model (CSDM) shapes page, identified by SCIT-SNOW-AICT-GUIDANCE, is a reference-only implementation target for the source-validated PAAW Section 13.4 bridge; its figure, terminology, and vendor data model were not copied into this view. A concrete ServiceNow adapter still requires release/plugin/dictionary and relationship fingerprints.

flowchart TB
    subgraph L1["1. Outcomes and interaction"]
        CON["Customer, workforce actor, or machine consumer"]
        OUT["Desired and accepted outcome"]
        OFF["Offering"]
        AGR["ConsumptionAgreement and Entitlement"]
        USE["UsageOccurrence or WorkOccurrence"]
        CON --> OFF --> AGR --> USE --> OUT
    end

    subgraph L2["2. Governed agency and work"]
        ID["GAID AgentSubject and Principal"]
        OPF["Deployment operating-profile fingerprint"]
        JOB["Job, activity, and TAK-JSI qualification"]
        TEAM["Human oversight and agent collaboration"]
        AUTH["TAK authority decision"]
        ACT["Authorized action and execution receipt"]
        JOB --> AUTH
        TEAM --> AUTH
        AUTH --> ACT
    end

    subgraph L3["3. Capabilities and controlled access"]
        SK["Agent skill packages and procedures"]
        TL["Tools and action interfaces"]
        SV["Retrieval, decision, and execution services"]
        GW["MCP, API, A2A, identity, and data gateways"]
        SK --> AUTH
        TL --> AUTH
        SV --> AUTH
        GW --> AUTH
    end

    subgraph L4["4. Knowledge, models, and runtime resources"]
        MOD["Model routes and inference resources"]
        DIR["Prompts, directives, policies, and memory"]
        DAT["Structured and unstructured knowledge"]
        RUN["Compute, runtime configuration, and telemetry"]
        MOD --> AUTH
        DIR --> AUTH
        DAT --> AUTH
        RUN --> AUTH
    end

    subgraph SPINE["Product, lifecycle, and assurance spine"]
        DP["AI-coworker DigitalProduct"]
        DES["DigitalProductDesign"]
        REL["DigitalProductRelease"]
        AST["DigitalProductAsset"]
        PKG["DeploymentPackage"]
        DIN["DeploymentIntent"]
        DEP["Deployment"]
        INS["DigitalProductInstance"]
        SVI["ServiceInstance"]
        BND["PAAW AIProductOperatingBinding"]
        EVD["Controls, provenance, observations, and evidence"]
        DP --> DES --> REL --> AST --> PKG --> DIN --> DEP --> INS --> SVI
        REL -. "referenced by" .-> OPF
        INS -. "configuration captured by" .-> OPF
        REL -. "release" .-> BND
        INS -. "instance" .-> BND
        OPF -. "operating profile" .-> BND
    end

    AGR --> AUTH
    ID -. "subject" .-> BND
    BND --> AUTH
    OPF --> AUTH
    ACT --> EVD
    OUT --> EVD
    OFF -. "commercializes" .-> DP
    SVI -. "supplies" .-> USE
    BND -. "selects Product context" .-> JOB
    EVD -. "assurance feedback" .-> DP

The fan-in is intentional: identity, operating profile, qualification, oversight, skills, tools, services, gateways, models, directives, data, and runtime state are independent control inputs to AUTH, not a linear transformation chain. The consequential-action path crosses AUTH and produces attributable evidence. TAK owns the authority decision, runtime gate, delegation, and execution-receipt semantics. GAID owns the AgentSubject and operating-profile identity; TAK-JSI owns job/activity qualification; the Portfolio Aligned Agent and Workforce Operating Standard owns the Product, service, work, and lifecycle bridge. Offering, accepted agreement, entitlement, usage, asset, package, deployment, product instance, and service instance remain separate identities. Context nodes in this view do not transfer that ownership to TAK.

1.2 AI-coworker lifecycle and architecture view

The operator direction in OP-CSDM-02 also calls for an implementation-neutral lifecycle picture. The view below is DPF’s own expression. It separates the PAAW DigitalProduct lifecycle-state axis from the IT4IT 3.0.1 seven-stream value network, architecture scope, and governed-entity maturity. The five product states are not aliases for IT4IT streams, and the seven streams are not a mandatory sequence. This is the lifecycle companion to the runtime stack above, not a vendor data model or a claim that every state or stream is executed by TAK.

flowchart LR
    subgraph LIFE["PAAW DigitalProduct lifecycle-state axis"]
        IDEA["Idea<br/>Value hypothesis and candidate Product"]
        EVAL["Evaluate<br/>Outcomes, portfolio decision, feasibility and architecture"]
        BUILD["Build<br/>Design, acquire, compose, test, release and deploy"]
        LIVE["Operate<br/>Offer, consume, execute work, support and improve"]
        RETIRE["Retire<br/>Withdraw offers, bindings, services and instances; retain evidence"]
        IDEA --> EVAL --> BUILD --> LIVE --> RETIRE
        LIVE -. "outcome and assurance feedback" .-> EVAL
    end

    subgraph ITNET["IT4IT 3.0.1 seven-stream value network - non-linear"]
        HUB(("Connected<br/>value network"))
        IEV["Evaluate"] --- HUB
        IEX["Explore"] --- HUB
        IIN["Integrate"] --- HUB
        IDE["Deploy"] --- HUB
        IRE["Release"] --- HUB
        ICO["Consume"] --- HUB
        IOP["Operate"] --- HUB
    end

    IDEA -. "candidate and portfolio inputs" .-> IEV
    EVAL -. "discovery, architecture and roadmap" .-> IEX
    BUILD -. "release composition" .-> IIN
    BUILD -. "desired and actual realization" .-> IDE
    LIVE -. "offer definition and publication" .-> IRE
    LIVE -. "agreement, entitlement and usage" .-> ICO
    LIVE -. "observe, diagnose and restore" .-> IOP
    RETIRE -. "closure can affect every stream" .-> HUB

    PORT["Portfolio and outcome governance across every product state"]
    PORT -.-> IDEA
    PORT -.-> EVAL
    PORT -.-> BUILD
    PORT -.-> LIVE
    PORT -.-> RETIRE

    PILOT["Pilot or controlled PoC"]
    CANCEL["No-go or cancel"]
    SUSPEND["Suspend or restrict"]
    BUILD --> PILOT --> LIVE
    IDEA -.-> CANCEL
    EVAL -.-> CANCEL
    PILOT -.-> CANCEL
    LIVE --> SUSPEND
    SUSPEND --> LIVE
    SUSPEND --> RETIRE

    subgraph ASSURE["Cross-cutting assurance loop"]
        ASSESS["Assess"] --> CONTROL["Control"] --> MONITOR["Monitor"] --> REMEDIATE["Remediate and revalidate"] --> ASSESS
    end
    IDEA -.-> ASSESS
    EVAL -.-> ASSESS
    BUILD -.-> CONTROL
    LIVE -.-> MONITOR
    REMEDIATE -. "reopen evaluation, build or operation" .-> EVAL

    DISC["Bottom-up discovery"] --> PROV["Provisional typed projections and Gaps"] --> REC["Reconcile identity, design, release and ownership"]
    REC -.-> EVAL
    REC -.-> LIVE

The solid five-state path governs Product lifecycle. The hub-and-spoke network preserves all seven IT4IT streams without inventing a process order; dotted state-to-stream edges identify common touchpoints, not exclusive ownership or mandatory sequencing. Architecture bands overlap both axes:

Architecture band PAAW product-lifecycle coverage Typical IT4IT network touchpoints
strategy and business model Idea through Retire; stakeholder value, Outcomes, and four-portfolio decisions Evaluate, Explore, plus Consume/Operate feedback
business operational architecture Evaluate through Operate, with retirement impact analysis Explore, Consume, Operate
solution architecture Evaluate through Operate; design, releases, assets, packages, dependencies, security, and deployment topology Explore, Integrate, Deploy, Operate
service, engagement, sales, and support model Build through Retire; ServiceDefinitions, Offerings, agreements, entitlements, service instances, support, and usage Deploy, Release, Consume, Operate
foundation every state; Organization/Principal/GAID identity, TAK-JSI qualification, vocabulary, data, controls, provenance, and evidence all seven streams as applicable

Within the Idea/Evaluate/Build/Operate/Retire state axis, Product lifecycle state MUST separately represent pilot, promotion, suspension, end-of-support, retirement, and decommissioning where applicable; AIProductOperatingBinding.bindingState does not substitute for Product, release, asset, deployment, instance, service, or Offering state. An IT4IT stream position does not substitute for a Product state. A discovered operational record creates provisional typed projections and Gaps only; discovery MUST NOT synthesize a Product definition, release, or GAID subject identity.

PAAW owns the Product, portfolio, work, service, and AIProductOperatingBinding semantics; GAID owns the enduring subject; TAK-JSI owns qualification; TAK owns the action-time authority, delegation, execution, and receipt boundary in Consume/Operate. An AI Agent record, design, release, asset, package, deployment, product instance, service instance, AgentSubject, Offering, agreement, entitlement, usage, and WorkAssignment are therefore related but never interchangeable.

2. Conformance

An implementation conforms to this standard only if it satisfies all requirements identified as MUST for its claimed conformance profile.

This standard defines three conformance profiles:

An implementation:

2.1 Standard Versioning, Lifecycle, and Conformance Assertions

This standard SHOULD be versioned using a semantic-style scheme:

Implementations claiming conformance SHOULD declare:

Each normative MUST statement in this standard SHOULD map to one or more explicit conformance assertions in a companion test suite or implementation statement. This document does not require a single central test harness, but it does require that conformance claims be testable rather than rhetorical.

A suggested companion assertion rubric for this revision is published in tak-conformance-tests.md.

The intended lifecycle of TAK is open standards progression through multistakeholder implementation and liaison rather than indefinite treatment as an internal white paper.

The preferred near-term disposition is publication as an open industry specification with liaison into NIST, the Agentic AI Foundation, OASIS / CoSAI, and relevant IETF OAuth and GNAP work, with later venue-specific profiles or submissions preserving the same core runtime semantics.

3. References

3.1 Normative References

The following companion standards are indispensable to applying this document:

Reference Normative relationship
GAID Defines the identified agent subject, operating-profile binding, assurance claims, and receipts consumed by TAK
Job-Specific Intelligence (TAK-JSI) Defines the job qualification and evidence-supported autonomy ceiling enforced by TAK

3.2 Informative External References

The following references are relevant to this standard and informed its design. Publication in this table does not imply that every reference is normatively incorporated in full. The exact relationship—adoption, profiling, augmentation, mapping, or adjacency—is maintained in the informative External Standards Alignment companion.

Reference Relevance
ISO/IEC 42001:2023 Organization-level AI management systems
ISO/IEC 17024:2026 Competence-scheme, assessment, surveillance, and reassessment prior art profiled by TAK-JSI
ISO/IEC 25059:2023 AI-system quality characteristics for specification and evaluation
ISO/IEC 5259-5:2025 Data-quality governance and stewardship relevant to qualified agent work
ISO/IEC TS 42119-2:2025 Risk-based AI-system testing practices that TAK runtime and qualification evaluation can exercise
ISO/IEC 42119-3 Verification and validation analysis across the AI-system lifecycle; active work augmented by operating-profile and revalidation semantics
ISO/IEC FDIS 42105 Human oversight guidance under development, complemented by enforceable oversight floors, proactivity clamping, and autonomy regression
ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 42 Horizontal AI standards program, including trustworthiness, data, systems engineering, and AI conformity-assessment work
NIST AI RMF 1.0 Risk management framing for AI systems
NIST AI Agent Standards Initiative Current U.S. public-sector standards activity for agent security, identity, interoperability, and evaluation
NCCoE concept paper: software and AI agent identity and authorization Identity, authorization, auditing, and non-repudiation concerns for agents
NIST AI 800-2 benchmark evaluation draft Evaluation transparency and benchmark discipline
IEEE P3709 Active agentic-AI framework project to which TAK runtime-control and conformance requirements can contribute
IEEE P3833 Active proactive-agent project complemented by TAK separation of proactivity, authority, qualification, and autonomy
Model Context Protocol specification Tool and context interoperability
Model Context Protocol authorization specification HTTP transport authorization profile for MCP servers and clients
Anthropic: Introducing the Model Context Protocol Background on MCP as an open protocol
Linux Foundation: Agentic AI Foundation announcement Neutral governance venue for MCP and AGENTS.md stewardship
AGENTS.md Open declarative instruction format used across coding-agent ecosystems
RFC 9728 OAuth 2.0 Protected Resource Metadata Discovery and metadata for protected resource authorization surfaces
RFC 9635 Grant Negotiation and Authorization Protocol (GNAP) Negotiated delegated authorization model for dynamic access decisions
RFC 9767 GNAP Resource Server Connections Resource-server-side GNAP discovery and access-right connection model
RFC 9449 OAuth 2.0 Demonstrating Proof of Possession (DPoP) Sender-constrained token binding for high-assurance agent calls
IETF WIMSE working group Workload identity, credentials, and authentication substrate for multi-system and agent deployments
AI Agent Authentication and Authorization Active IETF draft for agent identity and delegated authorization; protocol substrate rather than a substitute for TAK runtime policy
Signed Authorization-Evidence Records for AI Agent Actions Active IETF draft aligned with attributable authorization and action evidence
OpenAI Preparedness Framework Frontier-model safety governance prior art, useful for scoping what TAK does and does not standardize
Anthropic Responsible Scaling Policy Frontier-model safety and deployment governance prior art, complementary rather than substitutive to runtime kernel controls
Google DeepMind Frontier Safety Framework Model-level severe-risk framework used to distinguish model governance from runtime governance
CoSAI: Agentic Identity and Access Management Agentic IAM control framing aligned to enterprise runtime operation
OWASP Top 10 for Agentic Applications Concrete agentic risk taxonomy and mitigation guidance
W3C Trace Context Cross-system trace propagation
RFC 9421 HTTP Message Signatures Message-level signatures for integrity and non-repudiation
in-toto Attestation Framework Specification Practical attestation statement and envelope model for signed evidence
Sigstore Documentation Operational signing, transparency, and verification substrate for attestations and release evidence
CSA MAESTRO Agentic AI threat-modeling framework
MITRE ATLAS Adversarial tactics and techniques knowledge base for AI systems
IMDA Model AI Governance Framework for Agentic AI National governance framework for agentic AI deployment
ISO/IEC 12792:2025 Transparency taxonomy for AI systems
ISO/IEC DIS 42102 Framework for characterizing AI system methods and capabilities

3.3 Reuse and Profiling Rule

TAK is intended to compose adjacent standards, not replace them.

Accordingly:

In practice this means:

3.4 External Augmentation Boundary

TAK augments adjacent work specifically where a conforming runtime must connect broad policy, identity, qualification, and protocol authorization to the action being attempted.

In particular:

4. Terms and Definitions

For the purposes of this standard:

Term Definition
agent A software system that can reason, decide, and perform actions with or without tool use on behalf of a principal or workflow
principal The human or organizational authority under which an agent operates
runtime The execution environment that implements the agent harness and mediates prompts, tools, memory, policies, and outputs
agent harness The standard runtime structure that binds authority, instructions, model access, tools, memory, oversight, and evidence into one governed execution contract
immutable directive A runtime-enforced instruction that the agent cannot change through conversation
tool A callable capability that reads, writes, transforms, or acts on an internal or external system
execution mode The enforcement class governing how a tool call is handled at runtime
proposal A gated action that requires explicit human approval before execution
immediate An action the runtime may execute without per-action approval because policy allows it
delegation Transfer of a bounded task from one agent or orchestrator context to another
escalation Routing of a decision or blocker to a higher-authority human or agent context
memory Persisted or replayed context intended to influence subsequent agent behavior
context window governance Controls that determine what prior information is preserved, summarized, truncated, or excluded
provider budget The governed runtime view of rate, concurrency, token-throughput, quota, credit, funding-token, or contractual limits imposed by a model provider or inference service
backpressure Runtime behavior that slows, queues, defers, or rejects new inference work so provider and policy limits are not exceeded
inference queue A bounded, resumable runtime queue holding model invocations awaiting execution, retry, failover, or operator intervention
capability tier A policy classification that defines the minimum acceptable model capability and the allowed substitution set for a task or workflow
runtime transparency The ability for humans and auditors to inspect what the agent was allowed to do, attempted to do, and actually did
fabrication A model output that claims work, change, or completion not supported by tool or runtime evidence
operating profile The governed bundle of materially relevant runtime state for an identified agent, including model binding, instructions, tools, autonomy posture, and verification references
profile fingerprint A digest or equivalent marker derived from the materially relevant operating profile state
validation continuity Whether the currently running operating profile remains the same validated operational subject previously assessed or approved
job qualification A versioned assertion that an identified operating profile satisfies a declared job/activity qualification scheme within stated data, risk, tool, and deployment constraints
proactivity The requested degree of initiative an agent may take before involving a human; it does not create authority or competence
earned autonomy Runtime action latitude justified by evidence and policy for a specific (agent × activity × risk) scope
autonomy ceiling The highest oversight tier allowed after authority, qualification, data, regulatory, and risk constraints are intersected

5. Core Principle

The core principle of TAK is:

Humans hold authority. Agents hold capability. The kernel provides the standard harness on which trustworthy AI agents are built, operated, and evidenced.

The point is not merely to restrict the model or intercept model calls. The point is to establish a consistent and governable basis for how AI agents are built, invoked, supervised, and evidenced. Mediation is one function of that harness, but the larger purpose is to ensure that authority, capability, directives, execution, and evidence remain aligned throughout runtime operation.

6. Design Principles

An implementation of TAK:

7. Runtime Trust Model

7.1 Required Control Layers

A conforming implementation MUST apply runtime control in layers. At minimum, those layers MUST include:

  1. authentication of the human or calling system
  2. resolution of authority or role context
  3. evaluation of allowed capabilities
  4. agent-side grant or scope filtering
  5. execution gating for side-effecting operations

The runtime MUST NOT allow a lower layer to widen permissions restricted by a higher layer.

7.2 Effective Permission Rule

For any (principal, agent, tool) combination, the runtime MUST compute effective permission as the intersection of:

The runtime MUST NOT treat the model’s request as sufficient evidence of authorization.

7.3 Domain and Route Scoping

The runtime SHOULD expose only the domain-relevant subset of tools and context for a given route, task, or workflow stage.

This is not only a usability optimization. It is a control. Smaller, better-bounded tool surfaces reduce:

TAK authority layers

Figure 1. Layered authority mediation is a required kernel behavior inside the broader TAK harness, not only a UI convenience.

7.4 Approved Operating Profiles

A conforming runtime MUST treat an agent’s approved operating profile as a governed runtime artifact.

At minimum, the operating profile SHOULD include:

For governed agents, the runtime MUST NOT execute against undeclared or unapproved materially relevant profile state.

7.5 Runtime Identity Proof Posture

For an identified governed agent, the runtime SHOULD be able to support a stronger claim than:

The stronger claim is:

TAK does not define the external identity namespace itself. That belongs to companion identity work such as GAID. TAK does, however, define the runtime conditions under which such identity claims can be trusted in operation.

7.6 Core Runtime Semantics Versus Protocol Carriers

TAK implementations SHOULD follow a stable-core and profile pattern similar to mature identity and directory standards.

In that pattern:

TAK therefore MUST NOT be treated as a replacement for LDAP, SCIM, HTTP, or message protocols. It defines what those carriers need to say about trusted runtime state, not the transport itself.

7.7 Material Change and Validation Continuity

The runtime MUST treat material change as a trust-relevant event.

Material change includes:

The same enduring subject identity MAY remain valid while validation continuity is broken.

Therefore, the runtime SHOULD distinguish:

and MUST NOT silently assume they are equivalent.

7.8 Profile Fingerprints and Attestation

For governed agents, the runtime SHOULD support:

Acceptable higher-assurance attestation substrates MAY include hardware-rooted measurements such as TPM, TDX, or SEV-SNP, as well as software evidence stacks such as DSSE, in-toto, Sigstore, or SCITT-style statement publication, provided they let a verifier bind profile state to the governed runtime instance that actually executed the work.

This allows relying parties and auditors to distinguish between:

7.9 Attestation and Projection Profiles

When TAK state is projected into external systems, the projection SHOULD preserve the distinction between:

For example:

An implementation SHOULD document those profile mappings explicitly so external systems know which parts of TAK they can rely on and which parts remain internal kernel evidence.

7.10 Vendor-Neutral Reference Model

The following reference model is intentionally independent from any one product platform.

It shows the stable TAK control relationship between:

TAK reference model

Figure 2. TAK defines a vendor-neutral harness control plane that sits between authority, agents, tools, and evidence.

7.11 Qualification-Aware Runtime Enforcement

For job-scoped autonomous work, a conforming runtime MUST distinguish:

None is interchangeable with another.

A GAID capability or qualification badge MUST NOT be treated as live authorization. A TAK-JSI qualification MUST NOT be treated as permission to perform every qualified action. At execution time, the runtime MUST compute the effective action posture from the intersection of:

principal authority
∩ agent grants
∩ route or workflow policy
∩ active job-qualification scope
∩ data, residency, and permitted-use constraints
∩ regulatory and contractual ceilings
∩ evidence-earned autonomy for (agent × activity × risk)

If the applicable qualification is absent, expired, suspended, revoked, outside scope, or pending revalidation, the runtime MUST fail closed, narrow the action, reduce the oversight tier, or escalate according to policy.

The runtime MUST NOT infer job qualification solely from:

7.12 Proactivity, Earned Autonomy, and Assurance Posture

Proactivity, autonomy, and execution assurance are separate control axes:

A conforming implementation:

An implementation MAY use progressive stages such as shadow, propose, bounded execution with review, and bounded autonomous execution. The exact labels are implementation-specific; reversible, evidence-based progression and enforcement are normative.

7.12.1 Autonomy Is Bounded by Gate Coverage

An autonomy level is a statement about which controls stop applying. Progressive stages typically work by removing constraints in order: at the most supervised level the runtime withholds side-effecting tools entirely; at an intermediate level it diverts them to human proposal; at the most autonomous level it executes them directly. At that final level the per-action human control is gone by design, and the action gating of §8 is the only remaining control.

It follows that autonomy cannot safely exceed gate coverage. A conforming implementation:

This is the operational form of the §7.12 rule that hard ceilings apply before proactivity preferences. Raising a proactivity or autonomy setting does not create the risk; it converts an existing coverage gap from latent to live.

7.12.2 Admission Criteria for Autonomous Operation

Before an agent operates at a level where side-effecting tools execute without per-action human decision, a conforming implementation MUST establish that the agent:

and SHOULD establish that the agent has passed a behavioural evaluation that exercises a real action of its own domain rather than a generic capability probe (see §16.1).

These criteria SHOULD be machine-evaluable. An admission rule that depends on human recollection degrades silently as the tool surface and the agent roster grow.

8. Tool Execution and Action Gating

8.1 Tool Definitions

A conforming implementation MUST define tools with machine-readable metadata sufficient to enforce policy. At minimum, each tool definition MUST declare:

The runtime MUST NOT rely solely on natural-language tool descriptions for governance decisions.

Consequence class. Implementation experience shows that a side-effect flag alone is not a sufficient governance discriminator: it separates tools that write from tools that read, but not tools whose effects are routinely reversible from tools that move money, reach a third party, change authority, or destroy state. A runtime that can only ask “does this write?” must either gate everything — which makes the gate unusable and invites operators to disable it — or gate a hand-picked subset, which is the failure mode §8.4 addresses.

Each side-effecting tool MUST therefore declare a consequence class sufficient to distinguish at least:

A runtime MAY define finer classes. An undeclared side-effecting tool MUST be treated as consequential until classified, never as ordinary.

Declarative instruction artifacts such as AGENTS.md MAY provide human- and agent-readable operating guidance for coding or workflow agents, but the runtime MUST still maintain machine-readable tool and control metadata independently of those documents.

8.2 Execution Modes

At minimum, the runtime MUST support two execution modes:

Mode Meaning
immediate Runtime may execute without per-action approval, subject to policy
proposal Runtime must pause and request human approval before execution

The runtime MAY define more granular subclasses, but it MUST NOT weaken the semantics of proposal.

8.3 Proposal Requirements

For proposal actions, the runtime MUST present:

The runtime MUST record whether the proposal was:

8.4 Default Safety Rule

If a tool:

then the runtime MUST default that tool to proposal unless a higher-assurance policy explicitly permits immediate execution.

8.4.1 Derived Classification, Not an Enumerated Allowlist

The default in §8.4 is only real if the runtime can determine, for an arbitrary tool, whether the rule applies. A conforming implementation:

Normative anti-pattern. A hand-maintained opt-in list of gated tools inverts §8.4: every tool not on the list is silently treated as ordinary, and the list does not grow as the tool surface grows. The resulting posture is indistinguishable, at runtime, from having no gate — the gate exists, is correctly implemented, is enforce-by-default, and governs almost nothing. This pattern is called out explicitly because it is a demonstrated real-implementation failure, not a theoretical one, and because it is invisible to every test that asks whether the gate works rather than what it covers.

8.4.2 Gate Coverage Is a Governed Metric

Because the risk lives in the gate’s reach rather than its correctness, a conforming implementation:

8.5 Provider Budgets and Backpressure

A conforming runtime MUST implement provider-aware rate budgeting and backpressure for any provider, model, or upstream inference service that can impose:

These limits are runtime-governance signals, not merely application exceptions.

Predictive backpressure is often inferred rather than explicitly published by providers. A conforming runtime MAY derive predictive state from recent 429 behavior, Retry-After hints, token-usage headers, contract ceilings, or observed admission patterns where direct provider telemetry is incomplete.

The runtime MUST:

8.6 Dependency Drift and Revalidation

The runtime MUST recognize that material drift can originate from dependencies as well as from deliberate local configuration edits.

Examples include:

Where such drift materially affects capability or risk posture, the runtime SHOULD trigger revalidation requirements or equivalent policy review rather than continuing to treat prior approval state as unquestionably current.

At minimum, the human-consumable runtime state SHOULD distinguish conditions such as:

8.7 Bounded and Resumable Inference Queues

A conforming runtime MUST support bounded, resumable inference queues rather than assuming every user request maps directly to an immediate model call.

The inference queue MUST:

For consequential or side-effecting workflows, the runtime MUST ensure that queue resumption does not silently duplicate already-completed actions.

Queue entries SHOULD carry, at minimum:

8.8 Policy-Based Failover and Scheduled Retry

A conforming runtime SHOULD support policy-based fallback to another approved model or provider when the originally selected path is unavailable, rate-limited, misconfigured, or otherwise unsuitable.

If failover is supported, the runtime:

When failover is not allowed or not useful, the runtime MAY schedule retry after a known reset window or budget-replenishment event.

If scheduled retry is used, the runtime MUST:

8.9 Illustrative Queue and Provider Pseudocode

The following pseudocode is informative, but it expresses the minimum runtime behavior the standard expects.

function processInferenceRequest(request):
  prior = findCompletedInferenceByIdempotencyKey(request.idempotency_key)
  if prior is not null:
    emit("tak.inference.reused", request, prior)
    return prior

  profile = resolveApprovedOperatingProfile(request.agent_id)
  tier = resolveCapabilityTier(request.task_class, request.sensitivity_class)
  budget = getProviderBudget(profile.primary_provider, profile.model_binding)

  if not budget.canAdmit(request):
    emit("tak.provider.backpressure", request, budget)
    queue.defer(
      request,
      reason = "provider_budget",
      next_eligible_time = budget.nextResetWindow()
    )
    emit("tak.queue.deferred", request, budget)
    return deferredToUser(request, budget)

  queue.admit(request)
  emit("tak.queue.admitted", request, budget)

  result = tryPrimaryExecution(request, profile)
  lastResult = result
  if result.success:
    emit("tak.inference.completed", request, result)
    return result

  if policyAllowsFailover(request, profile, tier, result.failure_reason):
    alternate = selectApprovedAlternateProvider(request, profile, tier)
    emit("tak.provider.failover_selected", request, alternate)
    retry = executeWithProvider(request, alternate)
    lastResult = retry
    if retry.success:
      emit("tak.inference.completed", request, retry)
      return retry

  if lastResult.retry_after_window is not null:
    queue.defer(
      request,
      reason = "retry_after_window",
      next_eligible_time = lastResult.retry_after_window
    )
    emit("tak.queue.deferred", request, lastResult)
    return deferredToUser(request, lastResult)

  escalateToHuman(
    request,
    incident_class = classifyProviderIncident(lastResult),
    evidence = lastResult
  )
  emit("tak.hitl.escalated", request, lastResult)
  return escalationNotice(request, lastResult)

At minimum, this behavior demonstrates:

8.10 Example Runtime Event Shapes

TAK implementations SHOULD make runtime state machine-readable even when the user-facing UI remains conversational.

Illustrative examples:

{
  "event_type": "tak.queue.admitted",
  "agent_id": "AGT-ORCH-200",
  "principal_id": "HR-200",
  "request_id": "req-7d1a",
  "task_class": "architecture-review",
  "capability_tier": "reasoning-high",
  "provider": "anthropic",
  "model": "claude-opus-4-6",
  "queue_depth": 3,
  "created_at": "2026-05-11T14:06:12Z"
}
{
  "event_type": "tak.provider.backpressure",
  "agent_id": "AGT-ORCH-200",
  "request_id": "req-7d1a",
  "provider": "anthropic",
  "reason": "token_throughput_limit",
  "retry_after_seconds": 45,
  "budget_state": {
    "daily_remaining": 142000,
    "burst_state": "exhausted"
  },
  "created_at": "2026-05-11T14:06:14Z"
}
{
  "event_type": "tak.provider.failover_selected",
  "agent_id": "AGT-ORCH-200",
  "request_id": "req-7d1a",
  "primary_provider": "anthropic",
  "primary_model": "claude-opus-4-6",
  "alternate_provider": "openai",
  "alternate_model": "gpt-5.4",
  "policy_basis": [
    "capability_tier_match",
    "approved_for_internal_confidential"
  ],
  "created_at": "2026-05-11T14:06:16Z"
}
{
  "event_type": "tak.hitl.escalated",
  "agent_id": "AGT-ORCH-200",
  "request_id": "req-7d1a",
  "incident_class": "provider_auth_or_contract_failure",
  "needs_human_action": true,
  "gaid_scope_violation_detected": false,
  "created_at": "2026-05-11T14:06:20Z"
}

8.11 Governed Activity Shapes and Triggers

Action gating governs a single tool call. It does not govern the standing activity that produces a stream of such calls. Once an agent can initiate work — on a schedule, on an external signal, or on a deadline — the governed unit is no longer the call but the activity shape: the reusable structure describing what starts the work, what stages it moves through, what must be true to advance, who answers for it, and what ends it.

An implementation that supports agent-initiated or recurring work MUST bind that work to a declared activity shape. Each shape MUST declare:

A conforming implementation MUST NOT allow recurring or agent-initiated work to run without stop conditions and a review point. An activity that can start itself and cannot stop itself is an unbounded grant of authority, however narrow each individual tool call may be.

8.11.1 Trigger Classes

Triggers SHOULD be declared from an explicit vocabulary so that the runtime can reason about what may start work. At minimum an implementation SHOULD distinguish:

Trigger class Starts work when
claim A principal takes ownership of an identified unit of work
cadence A schedule elapses, subject to the agent’s proactivity setting
deadline-horizon A recorded obligation, review, or expiry falls inside a look-ahead window
authority-change An external source of record is observed to have changed
estate-drift Observed state diverges from recorded state
evidence-decay Evidence supporting a prior conclusion passes its freshness budget
escalation Another activity escalates into this one

A recorded intention that no trigger consumes — a stored cadence, review date, or expiry with no reader — SHOULD be treated as a defect rather than as latent configuration. Such a field reads to an operator as a control that is in force, and behaves as one that is not.

8.11.2 Proactivity Does Not Widen a Shape

A proactivity or autonomy setting MAY change how often a shape is triggered and how much of it proceeds without a human. It MUST NOT change the shape’s stop conditions, its accountable principal, its review point, or which advances require a governed decision. Those are properties of the activity, not of the agent’s eagerness.

Where an agent exposes a proactivity control but is bound to no shape and no cadence trigger, the runtime SHOULD say so rather than presenting a setting that has no effect.

9. Human-in-the-Loop and Oversight Tiers

9.1 HITL Tiers

A conforming implementation SHOULD classify agents and actions by oversight tier. At minimum, the following conceptual levels SHOULD exist:

Tier Meaning
0 blocked; no autonomous action permitted
1 approve-before-execution
2 review-after-execution
3 autonomous with mandatory logging

9.2 Enforcement

The runtime MUST enforce the effective oversight tier at execution time. It is not sufficient to store a tier as metadata without affecting behavior.

The runtime MUST NOT allow the model to self-upgrade its oversight tier.

The effective tier MUST not exceed the lowest applicable ceiling established by authority, qualification status, data policy, regulation, contract, and evidence-earned autonomy.

Increasing proactivity or execution effort MUST NOT increase that ceiling.

9.3 Supervisor Visibility

For TAK-Managed and above, the runtime MUST provide a human-supervisor-visible view of:

10. Immutable Directives and Hidden Instruction Governance

10.1 Directive Sources

A conforming implementation MUST distinguish between:

10.2 Immutability

If a directive is marked immutable, the runtime MUST ensure that:

10.3 Governance of Hidden Instructions

Because hidden instructions are a material governance surface, a TAK-Managed or TAK-Assured implementation MUST maintain a reviewable record of:

The runtime SHOULD NOT expose raw hidden prompts to end users by default, but it MUST preserve enough metadata for authorized audit and governance review.

TAK directive flow

Figure 3. Directives are not merely prompt text. They are a governed runtime control surface.

11. Delegation, Coordination, and Specialist Topology

11.1 Delegation Narrowing

When an agent delegates to another agent, the delegated agent:

11.2 Specialist and Coordinator Patterns

An implementation SHOULD distinguish:

This distinction matters because the same agent shape should not be assumed to fit all work equally well.

11.3 Escalation

A conforming runtime MUST support escalation to a human or higher-authority control point when:

11.4 Provider and Governance Incident Escalation

A conforming runtime MUST support HITL and human escalation for operational incidents that cannot be safely resolved through autonomous retry or failover alone.

At minimum, the escalation path MUST cover:

The runtime SHOULD treat these conditions similarly to an employee reporting an observed security or data-handling incident: safe continuation pauses, the issue is surfaced clearly, and a human owner is brought into the loop.

When such an incident is detected, the runtime MUST:

TAK delegation chain

Figure 4. Delegation is valid only when authority narrows, not widens.

12. Memory and Context-Window Governance

12.1 Memory Is a Governed Surface

Persistent memory, retrieved memory, and prior conversation context MUST be treated as governed runtime inputs.

Memory is not a neutral convenience. It changes future behavior. Therefore, TAK requires explicit control over:

12.2 Retention Rules

A TAK-Managed or higher implementation MUST define policies for:

The runtime MUST NOT expose memory derived from one principal, tenant, or authorization boundary to another principal, tenant, or authorization boundary without explicit policy permission.

12.3 Context Truncation and Summarization

When context windows are limited, the runtime MUST favor:

The runtime SHOULD document summarization and truncation behavior so operators understand what information may have been omitted.

12.4 Memory Validation

For TAK-Assured, memory that materially affects consequential action SHOULD be treated as advisory until revalidated against a current source of truth.

13. Audit, Evidence, and Non-Repudiation

13.1 Minimum Audit Events

A conforming implementation MUST record, at minimum:

13.2 Evidence Fields

Audit records SHOULD include:

13.3 Decision Records and the Review Loop

Audit under §13.1 establishes what happened. It does not by itself establish whether the governing judgement was sound, or improve it. A runtime that gates consequential actions on a governed decision MUST also preserve that decision as a record, and SHOULD close the loop from the record back to the decision procedure.

A conforming implementation:

Why outcome linkage is normative rather than advisory. Where a human reviews or overrules each action, the human’s ruling is itself a corrective signal, and a runtime can improve from rulings alone. Under autonomous operation that signal disappears: nobody overrules anything, so a system that learns only from rulings stops learning at exactly the point where its judgement is least supervised. Outcome linkage is the only corrective signal available in that mode, and an implementation claiming autonomous operation without it has an open loop, not a closed one.

13.4 Non-Repudiation

For TAK-Assured, the runtime SHOULD support cryptographic binding or message-level evidence sufficient to prove:

GAID provides the companion identity and receipt model for this purpose.

TAK audit surfaces

Figure 5. Audit is not a side effect of the runtime. It is part of the runtime.

14. Runtime Transparency

14.1 Required Transparency

A TAK-Managed implementation MUST provide operators with a way to inspect:

14.2 Human-Facing Honesty

The runtime MUST prevent or correct outputs that falsely claim:

This control is fundamental to trust.

15. Safety and Security Controls

15.1 Fabrication and Unsafe Narration

A conforming runtime MUST detect and mitigate situations where the model:

15.2 Injection Resistance

The runtime SHOULD implement layered defenses against:

15.3 Sensitivity Handling

The runtime MUST allow policy to vary by data sensitivity. At minimum, the implementation SHOULD distinguish sensitivity classes such as:

The runtime MUST NOT silently route restricted data into lower-trust tools, providers, or delegated contexts that are not cleared for it.

15.4 Open-World Tooling

External network or cross-boundary tools SHOULD be treated as higher-risk surfaces. A TAK-Managed implementation SHOULD explicitly classify such tools rather than treating them as ordinary local operations.

15.5 Threat-Model Alignment

An implementation SHOULD maintain an explicit threat model for the agent runtime.

At minimum, that threat model SHOULD identify:

Threat enumeration SHOULD align where useful to emerging public catalogs such as the OWASP Top 10 for Agentic Applications, CSA MAESTRO, and MITRE ATLAS.

A shared starter artifact for this work MAY be published as agent-standards-threat-model.md, provided implementations still adapt it to their real deployment boundaries.

16. Evaluation and Red Teaming

16.1 Minimum Evaluation Expectations

A conforming implementation MUST test the runtime, not only the model. At minimum, it MUST evaluate:

Fabrication resistance and related trust claims MUST be backed by a published evaluation methodology and baseline rates, either by profiling a recognized benchmark suite or by documenting an organization-specific evaluation pack with reproducible pass criteria.

For job-specific claims, generic benchmark evidence is insufficient by itself. The applicable TAK-JSI scheme MUST evaluate the identified operating profile under representative job, tool, data, workflow, and consequence conditions.

16.2 Advanced Evaluation

A TAK-Assured implementation SHOULD additionally evaluate:

16.3 External Signals

The growing public focus on agent security, identity, evaluation, and interoperability is relevant here. NIST’s current work on agent standards and benchmark evaluation confirms that trustworthy agency is not only a model-quality problem, but a runtime governance problem as well.

16.4 Evaluation Cadence and Threat Catalog Coverage

Evaluation MUST NOT be treated as a one-time launch ritual.

At minimum, a conforming implementation MUST re-run the applicable evaluation set:

TAK-Assured implementations SHOULD additionally map at least the most relevant scenarios to external threat catalogs such as OWASP Top 10 for Agentic Applications, CSA MAESTRO, and MITRE ATLAS, so evaluation coverage is legible outside one vendor stack.

17. Conformance Profiles

17.1 TAK-Basic

TAK-Basic requires:

17.2 TAK-Managed

TAK-Managed requires everything in TAK-Basic, plus:

17.3 TAK-Assured

TAK-Assured requires everything in TAK-Managed, plus:

Implementations claiming any TAK profile SHOULD publish an assertion mapping, evidence pack, or equivalent rubric such as the companion tak-conformance-tests.md document.

18. Security Considerations

This standard assumes:

The consequence is that a trustworthy agent runtime cannot be reduced to prompt design alone.

19. Informative Annex A: Relationship to GAID and TAK-JSI

TAK, GAID, and TAK-JSI are designed to work together.

In practical terms:

The canonical family map is agent-standards-family.md.

20. Informative Annex B: Relationship to DPF

DPF already demonstrates a number of TAK patterns in practice, including:

That makes DPF a useful proving ground for the first conformance assessment of this standard.

For the purposes of this standards family, DPF should be understood as an initial implementation prototype rather than as a claim of full conformance.

The prototype value is that DPF can concretely demonstrate:

The most useful near-term DPF outcomes under this standard include:

21. Revision History

Revision Change Origin
2026-08-20 Added §7.12.1 (autonomy bounded by gate coverage), §7.12.2 (admission criteria), §8.1 consequence class, §8.4.1 (derived classification; enumerated-allowlist anti-pattern), §8.4.2 (gate coverage as a governed metric), §8.11 (governed activity shapes and triggers), §8.11.1 (trigger classes; dead-intent rule), §8.11.2 (proactivity does not widen a shape), §13.3 (decision records and the review loop). Profile requirements in §17 extended accordingly; assertions TAK-020TAK-028 added to the companion rubric. Derived from operating a real implementation. Each addition addresses a failure observed in practice rather than an anticipated one: a correctly-implemented, enforce-by-default action gate that governed 2 of 169 side-effecting tools because its scope was an opt-in list; recurring agent-initiated activity with no declared stop condition; and a governance loop that could learn from human rulings but not from outcomes, leaving it open in precisely the autonomous mode it was built for.

This revision is additive: it introduces new normative requirements without weakening or contradicting existing ones, and is therefore a minor-version change under §2.1. Implementations conforming to the prior revision remain conformant to the requirements they already met, and will show gaps against the new assertions.

22. Summary

The key message of this standard is simple:

AI agents become trustworthy and repeatable in practice only when they run inside a standard kernel harness that governs authority, tools, memory, provider use, oversight, and evidence with discipline.

TAK provides that discipline. It is not a substitute for broader organizational governance. It is the runtime harness standard and control model that makes operational governance real.